- Palmer, Raymond - Editor of Amazing Stories magazine in the 1940's & later of Fate Magazine. Some credit him with originating the extraterrestrial hypothesis for the origin of UFOs.
- Papoose Lake - Another dry lake near Groom Lake or Area 51. Papoose Lake is where Bob Lazar claims that alien craft are being tested. Also known as S-4
- Papua, New Guinea - Anglican missionary Father William Booth Gill reported UFOs over Boianai, Papua, New Guinea in 1959.
- Pascagoula, Mississippi - Site of the abduction of Calvin Parker and Charles Hickson on October 11, 1973.
- The Philadelphia Experiment - Purported 1943 experiment by the U.S. Navy at the Philadelphia Naval Yards in which the U.S.S. Eldridge was made invisible, with dire consequences for her crew.
- Phoenix Lights - A huge UFO flap occurred in and around Phoenix, Arizona, on the night of March 13, 1997.
- Portage County, Ohio - Site where police chased a UFO for forty-odd miles in 1966.
- Randle, Kevin - Author of many UFO books, including The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell with Donald Schmitt.
- Rare Earth Hypothesis - Hypothesis that, since the combination of factors that contributed to the evolution of intelligence on Earth are rare in the cosmos, then so must intelligence life be rare in the cosmos.
- RB-47 Incident - 1957 incident in which a special electronic countermeasures equipped reconnaissance aircraft was followed for hundreds of miles by a UFO that was detected by on-board equipment, seen visually, and detected by ground-based radar.
- Red Bluff, California - Site where California Highway Patrolmen saw a UFO in 1960.
- Rendlesham Forest - Forest near Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. It was the site of a well-known UFO event on 27 December 1980. Also known as the Bentwaters-Woodbridge UFO event.
- Regression Hypnosis - The practice of trying to recover lost memories by hypnotizing a subject and taking them back in their minds to the time in question. The problems with it are that the hypnotist can unwittingly plant "memories" in the subject's mind, and hypnotized subjects sometimes invent (confabulate) memories in order to comply with a hypnotist's requests.
- Robertson Panel - A 1952 CIA-sponsored panel that recommended a policy of debunking UFOs be pursued.
- Roswell Incident - In July, 1947, a rancher named Mac Brazel found some odd, silvery debris on the ranch at which he worked. He took some of it into the county sheriff's office and the sheriff turned it over to the local Army Air Base. The Air Base sent Major Jesse Marcel, the base intelligence officer, out to investigate, and he collected a lot of debris, which he took back to the base. Mac Brazel was held for several days for questioning, and the Roswell Air Base information officer released a story to the press that said a "flying disc" had been captured. Major Marcel and the debris were flown to Carswell Air Base in Texas, where General Roger Ramey held a press conference at which he announced that the debris was only a weather balloon. Years later, before he died, Jesse Marcel claimed that the debris was not a weather balloon, but that it was something "not of this Earth." Several popular books were written that claimed that an alien craft had been recovered at Roswell and that the incident was covered up by the military. Finally, in 1995, the Air Force issued a statement that the debris was that of a top secret Project Mogul balloon train and radar reflectors. The debate still rages.
- Sedona - a town in Arizona that has acquired a reputation for being a UFO "hotspot".
- SETI - Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. The search for life on other worlds by using radio telescopes to listen for possible radio signals from space.
- Shandera, Jaime - Producer of TV documentaries. Friend and associate of William L. Moore and Stanton Friedman. He was the individual to whom the roll of film containing the MJ-12 documents was delivered.
- Shag Harbour - a harbor and town on the east coast of Nova Scotia where, in 1967, an unknown "something" fell from the sky into the harbour.
- Shaitan Mazar - "Grave of the Devil". Location in Krygyzstan, in the former Soviet Union, where a UFO supposedly crashed.
- Shaver, Richard - Letter writer to Amazing Stories magazine. Claimed in letters to that magazine that events on Earth were being influenced by a race of evil underground dwelling creatures called deros. The letters were expanded and published by editor Raymond Palmer as I Remember Lemuria and later became known as The Shaver Mystery. Shaver was once a mental patient and claimed he heard voices coming from his welding machine.
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